Title:	Tolerance to Proinsulin-1 Reduces Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice
Authors:	Jhala, G Selck, C Chee, J Kwong, CTJ Pappas, EG Thomas, HE Kay, TWH Krishnamurthy, B
Issue Year:	2021
Publisher	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Series	FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY:
Abstract	The monocyte beta(2)-integrin Mac-1 is crucial for leukocyte-endothelium interaction, rendering it an attractive therapeutic target for acute and chronic inflammation. Using phage display, a Designed-Ankyrin-Repeat-Protein (DARPin) was selected as a novel binding protein targeting and blocking the alpha(M) I-domain, an activation-specific epitope of Mac-1. This DARPin, named F7, specifically binds to activated Mac-1 on mouse and human monocytes as determined by flow cytometry. Homology modelling and docking studies defined distinct interaction sites which were verified by mutagenesis. Intravital microscopy showed reduced leukocyte-endothelium adhesion in mice treated with this DARPin. Using mouse models of sepsis, myocarditis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury, we demonstrate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, the activated Mac-1-specific DARPin is established as a tool to detect monocyte activation in patients receiving extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, as well as suffering from sepsis and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The activated Mac-1-specific DARPin F7 binds preferentially to activated monocytes, detects inflammation in critically ill patients, and inhibits monocyte and neutrophil function as an efficient new anti-inflammatory agent.
URI:	https://publications.svi.edu.au/publications/6831
Other Identifiers	10.3389/fimmu.2021.645817
Publication type	Article